If you change your script so that the host is only recording and not trying to play back simultaneously, does that increase the chance of success at all? Have you tried Audacity on this system? If not, can you try installing and testing it with the PortAudio interface? Does recording work correctly with the Audiobox? I am not sure if we can leave this thread open or not, but if we can I will report results of further tests. I will probably try to get some other hardware that is a USB audio interface with XLR mic inputs but that is 16 bits rather than 24. I think my next step should be to try my test code with the Audiobox and Win 10 to see if that is different. Recording does work fine with the MME driver. With Octave, the DirectSound driver works for play, but for recording the DirectSound driver gives zeros in the data. When I use the internal sound hardware with Audacity, I can use DirectSound drivers for both record and play. So I suspect that PortAudio cannot handle this 24-bit interface. Both Audacity and Octave work with the internal sound hardware. It does not work and shows similar problems as with Octave. Great idea about trying the Audiobox 96 with Audacity. I understand about the limited development support and am grateful for any info that can be provided.